The standard "ASTM F1978-22 Standard test method for measuring the wear resistance of metallic thermal spray coatings using Taber abrasive" published by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) describes a test method for determining the wear resistance of metallic coatings produced by thermal spray processes on flat metallic surfaces. This test method is designed as a means of characterizing coatings used on surgical implants.
This method uses a Taber abrasive device that produces a combination of rolling and friction to cause wear on the coating surface. Wear is measured as cumulative weight loss. This test method is limited to flat, hard specimens that do not react significantly with water and do not undergo phase transformation or chemical reaction between room temperature and 100 degrees in air.
For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply:
This test method utilizes a Taber abrasive device with H-22 caliber (trademarked) wheels and an abrasive head mass of 250 g without additional weights. A specimen is abraded using a rotating and friction action under controlled pressure and abrasive action. The test specimen, mounted on a rotating platform, rotates about a vertical axis against the sliding rotation of two abrasive wheels. The wheels shall be mounted so that they rotate in opposite directions when in contact with the rotating test specimen. One abrasive wheel rubs the specimen outward toward the periphery, and the other inward toward the center, while a vacuum system removes wear debris during the test. The resulting wear marks form a pattern of crisscrossing arcs over an area of approximately 30 cm2. The specimens are abraded, ultrasonically cleaned, dried, cooled, and weighed for a specified number (2, 5, 10, and 100) cumulative rotation cycles. Samples are weighed after each repetition and the weight loss is a measure of the wear in the sample.
This test method provides a means to evaluate the resistance of a thermal spray coating to particle shedding. Such particle shedding may occur during surgical placement of an implant or as a result of micromotion of the implant after placement.
This wear testing method can be useful for quality control analysis of a coating and can be used to evaluate the effects of processing variables such as substrate preparation prior to coating, surface texture, coating technique variables, or post-coating treatments.
This abrasion test method is for flat plate specimens of sufficient size that the abrasive wheels do not separate from the surface of the specimen. It is not recommended for devices of other shapes or sizes.
The Taber abrasive used in these tests has a mass of 250 g, an abrasive head without additional weights, and consists of the following parts:
Abrasion test specimens should be squares of approximately 10 cm or circles of 10 cm diameter, at least 1,6 mm but not thicker than 6,5 mm, with a 6,5 mm diameter hole in the centre to allow the specimen to be fixed to the specimen holder of the Taber abrader. For substrates other than titanium, the weight of the test specimen shall be taken into account according to the capacity of the analytical balance.
The coating is applied to represent that used in the finished surgical implant.
A minimum of seven samples are prepared. If there is more than one coating to be evaluated, a minimum of six samples should be prepared for each coating and at least one set should contain seven samples. From the set of seven samples, one sample is selected which determines the time required for ultrasonic cleaning. From each group of six samples, one randomly selected sample is separated to measure the weight loss caused by ultrasonic cleaning. This sample (blank sample) is weighed, ultrasonically cleaned, dried, cooled and reweighed.
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