Hydrazine is a colorless and volatile alkaline liquid with strong reducing properties, used in chemical synthesis and in some rocket fuels. Hydrazine has an odor close to that of ammonia and is a highly reactive and flammable liquid. Hydrazine is a chemical compound made up of nitrogen and hydrogen atoms that behave like water. Hydrazine is a weaker base than ammonia.
Hydrazine is used as rocket fuel because it reacts very exothermically with oxygen to form nitrogen gas and water vapor. The heat released and the increase in the number of moles of gas provide a push. The combustion of hydrazine is an exothermic reaction.
Hydrazine is a somewhat ammonia-like and potentially unstable substance, as it consists of two ammonia molecules linked together. Its composition is somewhat similar to the degraded composition of hydrogen peroxide.
Hydrazine obtained from hydrogen peroxide and ammonia is briefly used as a propellant in space vehicles, as a precursor in various pharmaceutical products, as a reducing agent for selenium, arsenic and tellurium, and as a corrosion inhibitor in cooling water reactors. It is also used in the electrolytic coating of metals on plastic and glass, in the production of agricultural chemicals and as a solvent for inorganic compounds.
The determination of hydrazine is carried out according to the following standard published by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM): ASTM D1385-07 Standard Test Method for Hydrazine in Water. This standard provides a test method for the colorimetric determination of hydrazine in boiler feedwater, natural waters and well waters treated with hydrazine. This test method is used over the range of 5.0 to 200 μg/L hydrazine. The range is for photometric measurements at 50 nm in a 458 mm cell. Higher hydrazine concentrations are determined by taking a more dilute sample.
The target organs usually infected by hydrazine exposure are the respiratory system, central nervous system, eyes, and skin. May cause kidney and liver damage in case of chronic exposure. In case of fire, it produces corrosive, poisonous and irritating gases. Vapors may cause suffocation or dizziness.
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