An enzyme is a biological component that increases the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy barrier. Catalase and peroxidase are enzymes. The key difference between these enzymes is that catalase catalyses the decomposition of hydrogen, peroxide into water and oxygen whereas peroxidase catalyzes the decomposition of peroxides. Therefore, catalase is a type of peroxidase enzyme. Also, the optimum substrate for a peroxidase is hydrogen peroxide, the substrate of the enzyme catalase.
Catalase is a common enzyme found in organisms and is important in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide to form water and oxygen. Almost all living things exposed to oxygen have this enzyme. For example, in bacteria, plants and animals. Therefore, this enzyme is very important in protecting the human body from oxidative damage by reactive hydrogen species formed from hydrogen peroxide.
The chemical structure of catalase is tetramer. That is, this enzyme molecule contains four polypeptide chains. Each polypeptide chain is about 500 amino acids long. The optimum pH level in the human body for this enzyme is 7. However, if the pH level is between 6,8 and 7,5, the rate of the reaction does not change much. In addition, the optimum temperature varies according to the animal species.
Most organisms use catalase enzymes in every organ they have. In general, the liver contains high concentrations of catalase, especially in mammals. It is primarily found in the peroxisomes and cytosol of erythrocytes. Also, this enzyme is extracted and used in the food industry to remove hydrogen peroxide from milk before cheese production. In addition, it is useful in food packaging to prevent food from oxidizing.
As for peroxidase. This enzyme is a common enzyme that is important in the breakdown of peroxide compounds. It is also called peroxide reductase. In addition to the decomposition of peroxides, there are other biological processes that use this enzyme for its proper function. For example, peroxides are important in the treatment of industrial wastewater, converting toxic substances into less harmful substances, and polymerizing aniline and phenols. Peroxidase is also sometimes used as histological markers.
The optimal substrate for most chemical reactions involving the peroxidase enzyme is hydrogen peroxide. However, this enzyme is more active than other substrates such as organic hydroperoxides, eg liquid peroxides.
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