Giardia is a small parasite that causes diarrheal illness. This microbe is found on surfaces or soil, food or water contaminated with feces from infected humans or animals. The Giardia parasite spreads easily and can be spread from person to person or through contaminated water, food, surfaces, or objects. The most common way people get sick is by swallowing contaminated drinking water or the water of a lake, river, or pool.
Giardia lamblia bacteria is also a common cause of diarrhea in humans and other mammals. It is distinguished from other giardia species by light or electron microscopy.
Giardia parasites are found all over the world. It tends to be a bigger problem in countries with poor sanitation and hygiene practices, such as developing countries. It is spread mainly through food or water. It is also spread through surfaces contaminated with giardia cysts or through hard shells that contain the parasite. Although parasites need a host (another creature) to survive, their shell allows the parasite to live on its own for a long time. People usually get this bacteria by drinking untreated water. The bacterium Giardia lamblia travels with traces of infected feces, extremely small in size.
Common sources of giardia lamblia include:
Effective treatment and control measures depend on accurate laboratory diagnosis using diagnostic methods with high sensitivity and specificity. The following methods are generally used for the detection of giardia lamblia in clinical human stool samples: Ritchie sedimentation technique, two brand rapid chromatographic immunoassay, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
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