The EN 50121 standard, which is a European standard, consists of the following sections under the main heading of "Railway applications - Electromagnetic compatibility":
In the EN 50121-1 standard, the structure and content of this standard series are summarized and the performance criteria applicable to the entire series are explained. The EN 50121-5 standard provides information on electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) management. This standard alone is not sufficient to assume conformity with the essential requirements of the EMC directive and is intended to be used in conjunction with other parts of this standard.
The standard annex contains the characteristics of the railway system that affect electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) behavior. Events excluded from this set of standards are nuclear electromagnetic pulse, abnormal operating conditions (fault conditions), and induction effects of direct lightning strike. Emission limits in the railway system do not apply to intentional transmitters within the railway system limits. Safety considerations are not covered by this set of standards.
The EN 50121-2 standard defines the electromagnetic environment of the entire railway system, including urban mass transit and light rail. This standard defines the measurement method to verify emissions and gives cartographic values of the most common areas. This standard sets the emission limits of the entire railway system to the outside world.
Emission parameters refer to specific measuring points defined in the EN 50121-5 standard. These emissions should be assumed to exist at all points in the vertical planes 10 meters from the centerlines of the outer electrified railway tracks or 10 meters from the fences of the substations.
In addition, areas above and below the railway system may be affected by electromagnetic emissions and special cases are considered separately. For newly built railway systems it is necessary to ensure compliance with the emission limits given in this part of the standard.
The EN 50121-3-1 standard describes the emission and immunity requirements for all wagon types. This standard covers traction stock, towed stock and trainsets, including urban vehicles, for use on city streets. This standard determines the emission limits of wagons to the outside world. The scope of this standard ends at the interface of the relevant energy inputs and outputs and wagons. When it comes to locomotives, train sets and trams, it's the current collector. However, since the current collector is part of the traction stock, it is not possible to completely exclude the effects of this interface with the power supply line. The slow motion test is designed to minimize these effects.
The EN 50121-3-2 standard applies to the emission and immunity aspects of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) for electrical and electronic equipment intended for use in railway wagons. This standard applies to the integration of apparatus into railway vehicles. The considered frequency range is DC to 400 GHz. There is no need to measure at frequencies for which no requirements are specified. The execution of the tests depends on the particular apparatus, its configuration, ports, technology and operating conditions. This standard takes into account the internal environment of railway cars and the external environment of railways and device interference from equipment such as handheld radio transmitters.
The EN 50121-4 standard applies to signaling and telecommunication devices installed in the railway environment. Signaling and telecommunication apparatuses installed in vehicles are within the scope of EN 50121-3-2 standard, and signaling and telecommunication apparatuses installed in the substation and connected to the substation equipment are within the scope of EN 50121-5 standard. This standard specifies emission and immunity limits and provides performance criteria for signaling and telecommunications devices that may interfere with other devices in the railway environment or increase overall emissions for the railway environment.
The EN 50121-5 standard applies to the emission and immunity aspects of electromagnetic compatibility for electrical and electronic equipment and systems intended for use in railway fixed installations for power supply. This includes the power supply to the apparatus, protective control circuits and the apparatus itself, roadside elements such as switching stations, power autotransformers, booster transformers, substation power switchgear, and power switchgear to other longitudinal and local sources. Filters operating at railway system voltage are not included in this standard as each site has specific requirements.
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