Given the use of electronic devices in areas where industrial trucks operate, it is necessary to ensure that the trucks themselves possess sufficient immunity to external electromagnetic fields. Because industrial trucks are equipped with electrical and electronic devices, it is necessary to ensure that the electromagnetic fields emitted by the trucks remain within acceptable limits.
High-frequency electrical disturbances occur during normal operation of industrial trucks and many components of their systems. These are generated over a wide range of frequencies with varying electrical characteristics. Electrostatic discharges are important for industrial trucks.
The test methods and acceptance criteria in EN 12895 are suitable for industrial trucks, given the specific characteristics and operating parameters of these machines. These tests are designed to reflect the structure of industrial trucks.
The European standard “EN 12895 Industrial trucks – Electromagnetic compatibility” applies to industrial trucks and their electrical and electronic systems used in residential, commercial, light industrial and industrial environments, regardless of power source, as defined in the ISO 5053-1 standard.
This standard includes:
The following are outside the scope of this standard:
In some cases, trucks may be intended to be used in environments where electromagnetic disturbance levels are likely to exceed the test levels specified in this standard. In these cases, levels or frequencies outside the specified test parameters must be applied. Furthermore, many areas are not homogeneous in terms of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) classification; for example, hospitals and airports have areas with different classification levels. Special requirements may apply for areas outside the general standard definitions.
For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply in addition to the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 3691:
For trucks and electrical and electronic systems, the limit values for the electric field at a distance of 10 m from the truck and an antenna height of 3 m must comply with the figure given in the standard.
Immunity to electromagnetic environments for trucks and electrical and electronic systems must be equal to or exceed the specified limit values when tested according to the test methods specified in the table titled “Immunity - Enclosure port”.
Compliance with the limit values must be verified during testing. The tests specified below are simplified tests without load; testing under all possible operating conditions is impractical for technical and economic reasons. The test methods defined in this standard are as follows:
To ensure compliance with this standard, one of the following approaches should be followed:
The trucks and electrical and electronic systems being tested must be in working condition. Tests may require modifications to the normal operating condition. If the test sample or systems are designed to operate at different nominal voltages, they must be tested under the worst-case condition. The test sample or system must be representative of mass production. If they are certified to be within the limits of this standard, complete systems can be used without additional testing. If the installation deviates significantly from the system manufacturer's installation instructions, the truck or test sample must be tested. Examples of complete systems include internal combustion engines and electrical and electronic modules. All test results, the test procedure, and the operating conditions during the test must be accurately recorded in the test report.
In short, EN12895 is a standard that specifies electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements for industrial trucks, such as forklifts, regardless of their power source. It covers both emission limits (the amount of interference a truck can generate) and immunity levels (resistance to external electromagnetic disturbances).
This standard applies to:
This standard does not apply to:
This standard specifies threshold values for electromagnetic emissions and the necessary immunity to electrostatic discharge, radiated radio frequency fields, magnetic fields, and similar. It provides test configurations and compliance criteria appropriate to typical truck construction, including full truck tests or in-situ subsystem tests. It is also aligned with the EMC directives through informative annexes that support the presumption of conformity for CE marking.
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