A military standard developed by the US Department of Defense, "MIL-STD-461G Electromagnetic Interference Characteristics Requirements for Equipment" describes the requirements and test methods for determining the electromagnetic interference characteristics of various electrical, electronic and electromechanical equipment.
This standard specifies interface and associated verification requirements for the control of electromagnetic interference (EMI) emission and susceptibility characteristics of electronic, electrical, and electromechanical equipment and subsystems designed or procured for use by activities and agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense. Such equipment and subsystems may be used stand-alone or as an integral part of other subsystems or systems.
This standard is most suitable for elements that:
This standard should not be applied directly to elements such as modules contained within electronic enclosures or entire platforms. The principles in this standard may be useful as a basis for developing appropriate requirements for these applications.
The applicability of emission and susceptibility requirements depends on the types of equipment or subsystems specified herein and their intended installations. Application-specific environmental criteria can be derived from operational and engineering analyses on equipment or subsystems procured for use in specific systems or platforms.
When analysis indicates that the requirements in this standard are not suitable for the specific supply, the requirements may be adapted and incorporated into the request for proposal, specification, contract, or order prior to the start of the test program. The test procedures contained in this standard are general test methods and should be adapted as necessary for each application while maintaining the purpose of the test and approved by the procurement activity. Adapted test procedures should be documented in electromagnetic interference test procedures.
In general, electronic, electrical and electromechanical equipment and subsystems must comply with the general interface requirements applicable in this standard. The general requirements for verification must be in accordance with the standard.
When all units or devices in an equipment or subsystem operate together at their designed efficiency levels or design capabilities, the operational performance of that equipment or subsystem shall not degrade or fail.
The requirements of this standard shall be met where applicable and shall be guaranteed by the intended installation and platform requirements.
The use of line-to-ground filters for electromagnetic interference (EMI) control should be minimized. Such filters provide low-impedance paths for structure (common mode) currents through the ground plane and can be a major source of interference in systems, platforms or installations because the currents can couple to other equipment using the same ground plane. If such a filter must be used, the line-to-ground capacitance for each line should not exceed specified values. For DC-powered equipment, the filter capacitance between each line and ground at the user interface should not exceed specified values. The filtering used should be fully described in the equipment or subsystem technical manual and in electromagnetic interference control procedures.
Switching transient emissions occurring during operation of manually operated switching functions are excluded from the requirements of this standard. Other transient type conditions, such as automatic sequencing after initiation by a manual switching function, shall meet the emission requirements of this standard.
The test procedures specified in this standard, general requirements for test facilities and equipment, together with the detailed test procedures contained in this standard, are used to determine compliance with the applicable emission and susceptibility requirements of this standard. Equipment intended to operate as a subsystem shall be tested in this manner in accordance with the applicable emission and susceptibility requirements, whenever possible. Data collected from tests performed in one electromagnetic discipline may be sufficient to meet the requirements in another. Therefore, to avoid unnecessary duplication, a single test programme should be established with tests performed simultaneously for similar requirements, whenever possible.
The procedures described in this standard are general methods and are adapted as necessary for each application.
The test methods defined in the MIL-STD-461G standard include:
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