Fumonisins (B1, B2, B3, and B4) are a group of mycotoxins produced by the fusarium fungus. Mycotoxins are toxins produced by certain molds (fungi) that occur naturally and are found in foods. Molds thrive in a variety of food products, including grains, dried fruits, spices, apples, and coffee beans, often in warm and humid conditions. Mycotoxins both cause various adverse health problems in humans and pose a serious health threat to farm animals. Adverse health effects range from acute poisoning to immunodeficiency and cancer. International standards and legal regulations are published and test methods are developed to limit exposure to mycotoxins originating from certain foods.
-tayini.jpg "Determination of Fumonisin (B1+B2)")
For example, in advanced laboratories, fumonisin B1 and B2 are determined simultaneously in different corn varieties by matrix solid phase distribution and liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry method. During testing, the sample is extracted with acetonitrile-methanol-water mixture, the extract is filtered, diluted with phosphate buffered saline solution and applied to an immunoaffinity column. Fumonisin B1+B2 is removed with methanol and determined directly by reverse phase liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection using two characteristic ion tracings in each case. A mixture of fumonisin B200+B500 is added to the corn samples at a total of 1 and 2 ng/g, respectively. B1 and B2 fumonisins are recovered in this way. This method also applies to processed corn products such as corn chips, cereal, and popcorn.
Fumonisins are stable enough to survive processes such as wet and dry grinding as well as extrusion cooking. Therefore, although at lower levels than raw corn, cornmeal is commonly encountered in finished products such as snack foods and breakfast cereals. Therefore, special attention is paid to optimizing the extraction conditions in the methods to be used to analyze the heat-treated maize product.
Recently, basic limits for fumonisin levels in maize and maize-based foods, specifically fumonisin B1 and fumonisin B2 total, have been established in European Union countries.
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