N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)

N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a volatile, flammable, yellow, oily liquid nitrosamine with a slight characteristic odor that decomposes on exposure to light and emits toxic nitrogen oxide fumes when heated to decomposition. N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), an organic compound, is one of the simplest members of a large class of N-nitrosamines. It is also highly hepatotoxic and carcinogenic and has a destructive effect on liver cells.

N-Nitrosodimethylamine is primarily used in laboratory research to induce tumors in experimental animals. This substance is formed during the cooking of foods containing sodium nitrite as a preservative, especially dried meat and fish. It is also found as a contaminant in various vegetables, cheeses, alcoholic beverages and fruits, and rubber products. Exposure to N-Nitrosodimethylamine irritates the skin and eyes and damages the liver. This substance is presumed to be carcinogenic to humans.

N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and other types of nitrosamines are ubiquitous in outdoor air, soil, and water, in short, in small quantities. It is mainly formed by the chemical reaction of an amine with an oxidizing agent, usually a nitrite.

The nitrosating agent responsible for the formation of this organic compound in foods is nitrous anhydride, which usually originates from a nitrite in an acidic aqueous solution, such as in the stomach. Beer, processed meats like sausage and bacon, tobacco, and even water contain small amounts of nitrosamines.

In the pharmaceutical industry, nitrosamines are identified as undesirable byproducts of production due to various raw materials. N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) are classified as probable carcinogens for humans according to the International Agency for Cancer Research.

N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is produced by industry in only small quantities for research. This compound, which has no distinctive odor at room temperature, is also used in some cosmetic and toilet products and cleaners. N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is unintentionally formed during various manufacturing processes through reactions involving other chemicals called alkylamines found in air, water and soil. It is also found in some foods and occurs in the body.

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