Determination of Total Solids

Total solids determination is a measurement frequently used in the water treatment industry that includes the combination of total dissolved solids and total suspended solids in a liquid. Total solids consist of all suspended, colloidal and dissolved solids in the sample. This mixture contains dissolved salts such as sodium chloride and solid particles such as silt and plankton.

A high total solids level indicates a high level of solids in the liquid sample. Based on the evaluation criteria, a sample showing a high total solids level is considered contaminated.

High total solids level is a common problem, especially in rivers and streams. Many factors contribute to the total amount of solids in the water, including soil erosion. An increase in water flow rate or a decrease in riparian vegetation can accelerate the soil erosion process, thus contributing to levels of suspended particles such as clay and silt.

Naturally occurring minerals or rocks in the soil, such as sodium chloride, rock salt, calcium carbonate, or limestone, as a mineral that generally occurs as colorless cubic crystals, sometimes dissolve in water and add to the total solids.

Total solids is a combination of two different measurements. Total dissolved solids is a measurement of the amount of solids entering solution in a liquid sample. Potassium, sodium, and magnesium are examples of such solids. The liquid is evaporated to determine the level of total dissolved solids. Total suspended solids are insoluble in liquid. It is a measurement of solids. Depending on the size of the solids, they can be collected by devices such as filters. Inorganic residue and microbes are examples of such solids.

Developed within the scope of the National Environmental Methods Index (NEMI), the SM 2540B method includes a test method for the determination of total solids.

The presence of some total solids in a water sample does not harm the water quality or the organisms that depend on it. Excellent water quality usually includes a good balance between a very low level and a very high total solids level. To ensure good water quality, the right type of solids must also be present.

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