Radiation (radiation) is the transfer or emission of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles. All of the elements that cause radioactive materials to emit rays such as alpha, beta, gamma or any electromagnetic radiation emitted in space are called radiation.
Everything emits and absorbs electromagnetic radiation. Sources such as the sun, tungsten filaments or infrared emitters have emission spectra. However, their spectral distributions are different, having slightly different spectral shapes and fine spectral details in the case of the sun.
Only 2,2 billionth of the energy emitted from the sun reaches the earth and constitutes the main energy source of the world. Solar radiation first interacts with the atmosphere and the total solar radiation intensity reaching the earth is reduced by half. The total solar radiation reaching the earth is of two groups: direct radiation and diffuse radiation.
9 percent of the rays coming from the sun is in the ultraviolet region, 45 percent is in the visible light region, and 46 percent is in the infrared region.
Radiation distribution reaching the earth is not homogeneous, it varies depending on the angle of incidence and time.
Today, electricity is obtained from solar energy by thermal and photovoltaic methods. Solar radiation (solar irradiance factor) has a huge influence on power output. Solar radiation is also expressed as solar intensity or solar radiation. According to the researches, the average annual sunshine duration of our country is 2640 hours, and the average annual total radiation intensity is 1311 kWh/m2 (a total of 3.6 kWh/m2 per day). The current produced in the photovoltaic panel rises with solar radiation. A large variation of the irradiance changes the current significantly, but the voltage remains nearly constant.
Solar radiation factor is important in determining the regions where solar power plants will be established. Solar energy is essentially the conversion of rays from the sun into electrical energy with special technologies. Solar energy is the most abundant and clean energy available on earth today. Moreover, it is a renewable and sustainable energy. Today, solar energy is used in more and more areas.
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