Bio-Based Content Testing

Bio-Based Content Testing

Bio-based products are those derived wholly or partly from materials of biological origin (plants, animals, enzymes, and microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, and yeasts). From everyday products to cutting-edge technological innovations, bio-based products are revolutionizing industries and paving the way for a more sustainable economy.

Bio-Based Content Testing

Bio-based products offer numerous benefits for the economy, society and the environment. They drive innovation to address some of society’s pressing challenges, including climate mitigation and adaptation, and the transition to a more circular and resilient economy and green industry. Bio-based products reduce reliance on fossil-based resources such as crude oil, natural gas and coal.

For example, bio-based chemicals are used in a variety of industries, including cosmetics, paints, lubricants and adhesives. They can be based on lignin (a type of natural polymer found in the cells of terrestrial plants, making up 20 percent to 30 percent of a tree's composition) and can be used as phenolic resins for wood products, dispersants and surfactants for paints and coatings, or thermoplastic materials for composites.

In industrial processes, bio-based enzymes are used to produce chemical building blocks, detergents, pulp, and paper, textiles, and other products. Higher process efficiencies can be achieved by using fermentation and biocatalysis instead of traditional chemical synthesis. This reduces energy and water consumption and reduces toxic waste. Because they are derived from renewable raw materials such as plants, bio-based products can help reduce carbon dioxide and offer other benefits such as lower toxicity or new product features (e.g., biodegradable plastic materials).

Insulation material used in construction can be made from agricultural waste and fungi. Microbial cells and enzymes can be used to produce bio-based plastics (biodegradable or non-biodegradable) and to recycle such bio-based polymers in packaging, agriculture and other industries. Eucalyptus cellulose can even be used to produce bio-based and biodegradable glitter.

In recent years, new bio-based polymers produced from wood or algae or fermented agricultural and food residues have been used to produce new sustainable textile fibers.

Some companies are developing wood (refined lignin)-based batteries with a scalable model for commercial production.

Laundry detergents containing enzymes reduce energy consumption and costs for consumers by allowing laundry to be washed at lower temperatures.

Plant, algae or vegetable-based inks, such as soy, rice, corn or flaxseed, can be non-toxic alternatives to fossil-based inks that are easier to recycle.

Major types of biodegradability tests include:

  • ISO biodegradability tests
    • ISO 9439 Assessment of ultimate aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds in aqueous media - Carbon dioxide evolution test
    • ISO 14593 Assessment of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds in aqueous media – Method by analysis of inorganic carbon in closed vessels (CO2 gap test)
    • ISO 14852 Determination of ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in an aqueous medium – Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide
    • ISO 14855: Determination of ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions - Method for analysis of evolved carbon dioxide
    • ISO 17556 Assessment of biodegradability in the natural soil environment
  • OECD biodegradability tests
    • OECD 301 A, B, C, D and F Assessment of ready or ultimate biodegradability of components in aqueous aerobic environment
    • OECD 302B: Assessment of ultimate biodegradability of components in aqueous aerobic media
    • OECD 310: Assessment of the ready or ultimate biodegradability of components in an aqueous aerobic environment in a closed bottle
    • OECD 311 Anaerobic biodegradability of organic compounds in digested sludge
    • OECD 208: Assessment of toxicity effects on plant germination, including seedling emergence and seedling growth
  • ASTM biodegradability tests
    • ASTM D5210 Standard test method for determining anaerobic biodegradation of plastic materials in the presence of municipal sewage sludge
    • ASTM D5338 Standard test method for determining aerobic biodegradation of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions including thermophilic temperatures
    • ASTM D5864 Standard test method for determining aerobic water biodegradation of lubricants or their components
    • ASTM D5988 Standard test method for determining aerobic biodegradation in soil of plastic materials or residual plastic materials after composting
    • ASTM D6400 Standard specification for compostable plastics

In short, bio-based products are products derived from plants and other renewable agricultural, marine and forestry materials, as opposed to non-renewable materials such as petroleum.

Among the numerous testing, measurement, analysis and evaluation studies that our organization has carried out for businesses in various sectors, it also provides bio-based content testing services with its trained and expert staff and advanced technological equipment.

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