PVC Plastic Analysis

PVC Plastic Analysis

Plastic products need to be tested to ensure they meet very specific regulatory safety and quality standards. Testing programs conducted in advanced laboratories evaluate and analyze the standards and properties of plastic materials and provide a significant contribution to businesses.

PVC Plastic Analysis

The evaluations include determining the flammability (burning properties) of the material, ignition properties from various thermal and electrical sources, and electrical tracking. These evaluations are also particularly relevant to long-term exposure to high temperatures (air-oven aging), water, ultraviolet light, cold, and other external factors.

For example, within the scope of combustion (fire) tests, there are two test programs conducted to measure the flammability properties of PVC plastic materials. The first program determines the tendency of the material to extinguish or spread the flame after the sample is ignited. Several international standards used in these tests include:

  • IEC 60707 Flammability of solid non-metallic materials when exposed to flame sources - List of test methods
  • IEC 60695-11-10 Fire hazard testing - Part 11-10: Test flames - 50 W horizontal and vertical flame test methods
  • IEC 60695-11-20 Fire hazard testing - Part 11-20: Test flames - 500 W flame test method
  • ISO 9772 Cellular plastics - Determination of the overburning of small samples exposed to a small flame
  • ISO 9773 Plastics - Determination of the burning behaviour of thin flexible vertical specimens in contact with a small flame ignition source
  • UL 94 Tests for flammability of plastic materials used in devices and parts of devices

The second program, conducted to measure the flammability properties of PVC plastic materials within the scope of combustion (fire) tests, measures the ignition resistance of the plastic to electrical ignition sources. Several international standards for evaluating the ignition resistance and surface tracking properties of the material include:

  • IEC 60112 Method for determination of proof and comparative monitoring indices of solid insulating materials
  • IEC 60695 Fire hazard testing (contains many substandards)
  • EC 60950-1 Information technology equipment - Safety - Part 1: General requirements

Another standard that is considered in PVC plastic analysis is the “UL 746A Polymeric materials - Short-term property evaluations” standard. This standard generally includes ignition tests. In addition to flammability issues, the ability of a material to resist ignition from electrical sources is another important factor to consider when selecting and evaluating a material for use in electrical equipment.

Possible electrical ignition sources in equipment include:

  • Overloaded (overheated) electrical conductors and components
  • Arcing parts such as open contacts of switches and relays
  • Arcing at broken or loose connections, such as joints or terminals.

Polymeric materials may ignite in direct contact with or near overloaded or arcing electrical parts.

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a widely used thermoplastic polymer that is usually available as a white, odorless powder. This powder is used with different additives and can take many different forms. Once cured, PVC can be solid or flexible, transparent or opaque, colorless or dyed. PVC materials are widely used, especially in construction, packaging, clothing and automobiles.

Chemical analysis and characterization of polyvinyl chlorides is an important step in controlling their conversion into usable products and preventing the occurrence of potential defects.

PVC plastic analyses are mainly used for the following purposes:

  • Determine the chemical composition of polyvinyl chloride
  • To characterize PVC materials physicochemically and thermally (such as density, molecular mass, thermal analysis, calorimetric analysis)
  • Identify the chemical structure of the PVC sample and its additives
  • Determine the mineral filler used (chalk, talc, etc.)
  • Characterize a defect (such as adhesion problem, separation, residues)
  • Verifying that a finished product meets standards

When working with plastics, manufacturers that produce raw materials or use plastics must cooperate with a reliable laboratory that offers analyses with high added technical value to analyze and characterize PVC materials.

In general, advanced laboratories have extensive experience in polyethylene analysis and, equipped with various analytical solutions, provide the following services:

  • Characterization of PVC materials: differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), thermogravimetric analysis coupled to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TGA-FTIR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Physicochemical and thermal properties are determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), scanning electron microscope analysis (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
  • Specific chemical analysis: Additives are determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).
  • Detection of impurities: heavy metals, residual solvents, degradation products, contaminations are detected.
  • Reverse engineering of polyvinyl chloride materials
  • Determination of molecular mass by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) method
  • Compatibility tests between PVC materials and various fluids

On the other hand, understanding the rheological properties of PVC materials helps identify and solve both production and product performance problems at an early stage. Different samples can be tested simultaneously under the same conditions to quickly detect differences that may affect performance.

When mixing polymer materials, quick tests can be performed to verify that the correct polymers and the correct amounts of each polymer are present.

Ash testing is used, for example, to measure precise levels of inorganic content in materials, including plastics.

Among the numerous testing, measurement, analysis and evaluation studies carried out for businesses in various sectors, our organization also provides PVC plastic analysis services with its trained and expert staff and advanced technological equipment.

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