The ISO 5165 standard, developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), defines a method for determining the diesel fuel rating in terms of an optional cetane number scale using a standard single-cylinder, four-stroke, variable compression ratio, indirect injection diesel engine. The cetane number provides a measure of the ignition characteristics of diesel fuel in compression-ignition engines. The cetane number is determined at a constant speed in a pre-combustion chamber type compression-ignition test engine. However, the relationship between test engine performance and full-scale, variable-speed, and variable-load engines has not been fully established.
The ISO 5165 standard applies to the entire scale range from 0 to 100 cetane, but typical tests are performed in the cetane range of 30 to 65. An interlaboratory study maintained by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) confirmed that paraffinic diesel from synthesis or hydrotreating contains up to 7 percent fatty acid methyl ester. Fatty acid methyl ester is tested with this test method and its sensitivity is compared with conventional fuels.
The test described in the ISO 5165 standard is also used for non-traditional fuels such as synthetics, vegetable oils and the like. However, the relevance of such materials to performance in full-scale engines is not fully established.
Samples with fluid properties that interfere with the gravity flow of fuel to the fuel pump or delivery from the injector nozzle are not considered suitable for grading by this method.
For the purposes of this standard, the expression cetane number is the measure of the ignition performance of a diesel fuel obtained by comparing it with reference fuels. Ignition performance refers to the ignition delay of the fuel determined when the standard test engine is operated under controlled fuel flow rate, injection timing and compression ratio conditions. The expression compression ratio refers to the ratio of the volume of the combustion chamber, including the pre-combustion chamber, at the piston bottom dead center to the volume comparable to the piston at top dead center.
Among the numerous test, measurement, analysis and evaluation studies it provides for businesses in various sectors, our organization also provides testing services for the determination of the ignition quality of diesel fuels (cetane engine method) within the scope of ISO 5165 standard, with its trained and expert staff and advanced technological equipment.
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