ASTM D150-18 Standard Test Methods for AC Loss Properties and Permeability (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulation

In the ASTM D150-18 standard developed by the American Testing and Materials Organization (ASTM), test methods for determining the relative permittivity, dissipation factor, loss index, power factor, phase angle and loss angle of solid electrical insulating material samples are defined when the standards used are bulk impedances. . The frequency range addressed in these test methods ranges from 1 Hz to several hundred megahertz.

These test methods provide general information about various electrodes, apparatus and measurement techniques.

The ASTM D150-18 standard mainly focuses on three points: permittivity, AC (alternating current) loss, and correlation.

In terms of permeability, insulation materials are generally used in two different ways:

• To support and isolate the components of an electrical network from each other and from the ground
• To act as a dielectric of a capacitor

Factors affecting permeability are included in the standard annex (Annex X3).

In both cases, with regard to AC loss—that is, with electrical insulation and capacitor dielectrics—the AC loss generally needs to be small in order to both reduce the heating of the material and minimize its impact on the rest of the grid. When comparing materials with approximately the same permeability, or when using any material under conditions where the permeability n remains essentially constant, it is potentially necessary to consider the loss factor, power factor, phase angle, or loss angle. Factors affecting AC loss are listed in the standard appendix (Appendix X3).

As for the correlation. When sufficient correlation data are available, the dissipation factor or power factor is useful to indicate the properties of a material such as dielectric degradation, moisture content, degree of cure, and degradation from any cause. However, it is possible that deterioration due to thermal aging will not affect the dispersion factor unless the material is subsequently exposed to moisture.

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