TS 2177 Petroleum Products - Fuels (Class F) - Fuel Oil - Properties and Test Methods

The Turkish Standards Institute (TSE) published the standard “TS 2177 Petroleum Products - Fuels (Class F) - Fuel Oil - Properties and Test Methods,” which describes the classification, properties, and test methods of fuel oil suitable for use in different combustion devices under varying climatic and usage conditions. This standard does not cover fuel oils blended with more than 20% biodiesel by volume, nor does it cover biodiesel-blend Fuel Oil No. 4, Fuel Oil No. 5, and Fuel Oil No. 6.

Fuel oils are classified according to the distillation range at which they are obtained, the fuels they are blended with, or their current state:

• Type 1 (Fuel oil no 1): Medium distillate fuel oils suitable for use in atomizer burners in homes and small industrial facilities.
• Type 2 (Fuel oil no 2): Medium distillate fuel oils suitable for use in burners in homes and small industrial facilities.
• Type 3 (Fuel oil no. 3, depending on biodiesel content: Fuel oil B6 - B20): Heavy distilled fuel oils or medium distilled fuel oil/biodiesel blends suitable for use in burners in homes and small industrial facilities.
• Type 4 (Fuel oil no 4): Heavy distillate fuel oils and medium distillate fuel oil/residual fuel oil blends suitable for use in burners in power plants or industrial facilities.
• Type 5 (Fuel oil no 5): Residual fuel oils with high viscosity and a long boiling point, suitable for use in preheated and atomizing burners in industrial plants.
• Type 6 (Fuel oil no 6): Residual fuel oils with high viscosity and a long boiling point, suitable only for use in preheated and atomizing burners in industrial facilities.

TS 2177 is a standard that defines the technical specifications and test methods for liquid fuels such as fuel oil (heating oil and similar products). This standard covers the following topics:

• Petroleum-based heavy fuels (fuel oil)
• Classification (Class F fuels)
• Physical and chemical properties
• Experimental and analytical methods

This standard applies particularly to fuels used in heating systems, industrial boilers, and certain energy production applications.

The designation "Class F" in ISO and TSE fuel classifications represents fuel oil and similar heavy liquid fuels. These fuels generally have the following characteristics:

• High viscosity
• Sulfur content within certain limits
• For industrial use.

The TS 2177 standard defines the following parameters for fuel oil:

• Density
• Viscosity
• Flash point
• pour point
• Sulfur content
• Water and sediment quantity
• Ash content
• Oxidation stability

These features ensure that the fuel is used safely, efficiently, and in an environmentally friendly manner.

The TS 2177 standard specifies not only the characteristics but also how these characteristics should be measured. The test methods defined in this standard are as follows:

• ISO and EN-based test methods
• Laboratory analysis procedures
• Sampling and evaluation methods

This ensures that all manufacturers and laboratories use the same technical language.

With the latest update to this standard, all fuel oil products placed on the market from January 1, 2025, onwards must comply with this standard.

The TS 2177 standard is critically important, especially for the safe and efficient use of heavy fuels such as fuel oil. The main reasons why this standard is important are as follows:

• Ensures safe use: Fuel oil is used in systems operating at high temperatures. This standard...
  • It limits critical values ​​such as the flash point.
  • It reduces the risk of fire and explosion.
  • It increases storage and transportation security.
• It protects the life of the equipment: Non-standard fuels,
  • It forms soot and sediment in boilers.
  • It causes blockages in pipes and burners.

Thanks to this standard,

• The viscosity and purity of the fuel are checked.
• This ensures the systems have a longer lifespan.

• Sulfur oxides
• Particulate matter

This standard

• It limits sulfur and ash content.
• It reduces air pollution by lowering emissions.

• It provides accurate testing and monitoring capabilities: This standard defines which tests should be performed and how measurements should be taken. In this way,
  • Laboratory results will be comparable.
  • Inspections become objective.
• It improves energy efficiency: Fuel conforming to this standard burns more evenly and provides higher heat output. This allows for...
  • More energy is obtained with less fuel.
  • Operating costs decrease.

The importance of the TS 2177 standard lies in its focus on safety, efficiency, environmental protection, and quality control. Without this standard, fuel quality would be inconsistent, systems would be damaged, and environmental impacts would increase.

In conclusion, the TS 2177 standard regulates the use of fuel oil type fuels in Türkiye.

• What determines its quality
• Enabled testing
• Regulating its supply to the market

It is a basic technical standard.

For many years, our organization, with its competent and experienced staff, has been understanding the needs of its clients, providing the advanced testing services they require, and assisting them in the establishment, implementation, and improvement of management systems. Within this framework, we also provide testing services in accordance with the TS 2177 standard.