The ISO 685 standard, designed by the International Standards Organization (ISO), provides an analysis method for the simultaneous determination of the total alkali content and total fatty substance content of soaps (including liquid soaps) other than compound products. The full name of this standard is: ISO 685: 2020 Soap analysis - Determination of total alkali content and total fatty matter content.
In the test method described, soap is separated with a known volume of standard volumetric mineral acid solution, the liberated oil substance is extracted (separated) with light petroleum, and the total alkali content is determined by titration of excess acid in the aqueous phase.
Total alkali refers to the sum of fatty and resin acids and alkali bases combined as soap, as well as those corresponding to free alkali metal hydroxides or carbonates, and all silicates present to be titrated under test conditions. Results are expressed as the percent mass fraction of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, with or without sodium or potassium soaps.
The total oily substance is the water-insoluble oily material obtained by decomposition of soap with a mineral acid under specified conditions. In addition to fatty acids, this material includes unsaponifiables, glycerides and all kinds of resin acids in soap.
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