
UN ECE R104 tests cover a series of tests carried out in accordance with the relevant regulation for the evaluation of vehicles in the categories specified in the regulation in terms of retroreflective marking equipment.

ECE regulations define cross-border technical regulations for establishing approval or uniform approval procedures for motor vehicles and motor vehicle parts. Automated commercial vehicles are already fully eligible for approval only through appropriate individual measures in the country in which they will be used. What is missing is a set of rules at the international ECE level.
Regulation 104 of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN/ECE) — covers the uniform provisions for the approval of rear reflective markings for vehicles of category M, N and O and the tests applied accordingly.
This Regulation applies to retroreflective markings for vehicles of categories M 2 , M 3 , N, O 2 , O 3 and O 4. Back-reflection means reflection where the light flux returns in directions close to the direction it came from, this property is preserved even with wide variations in the direction of the light flux.
Retroreflective marking material refers to a surface or device on which, when directionally illuminated, a relatively large portion of the incident radiation is reflected back. Retroreflective marking materials shall be constructed to function satisfactorily and continue to do so in normal use. In addition, they will be free of design or manufacturing defects that would impair their efficient operation or maintenance in good condition.
Retroreflective marking materials or parts thereof shall not be easily removed. The means of attachment of marking materials shall be durable and robust. The outer surface of retroreflective marking materials shall be easy to clean. For this reason, the surface will not be rough and the protrusions they may show will not interfere with easy cleaning.
Within the scope of the regulation, many mechanical, dynamic and environmental tests are carried out as well as measurements for the approval of the relevant equipment. For tests to be considered successful, test results must meet regulatory requirements.
