EN ISO 2060 Textiles - Yarn from Packages - Determination of Linear Density (Mass per Unit Length) by the Hank Method

The standard "EN ISO 2060 Textiles - Yarn from packages - Determination of linear density (mass per unit length) by the skein method", which has its basis in a European standard and was subsequently published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), describes a method for determining the linear density of all types of yarn in packaging form, except for yarns that may be the subject of a separate international standard.

This standard includes seven optional procedures based on different conditioning and preparation methods. Because different procedures do not yield the same values, it is essential that the procedure used be accepted by all parties interested in the test results.

Although this method is designed solely for determining the mass per unit length of yarn, it is often preferred to combine this determination with strength tests and commercial mass tests. In such cases, if skein lengths other than those specified are used, the length used and any specific adjustments based on these lengths are subject to agreement between the parties involved.

This method can be applied to:

• Single yarns (spun, monofilament or multifilament)
• Folded (folded) yarns
• Cable yarns

For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply:

• Linear density: The mass per unit length of a yarn.
• Commercial moisture regain: The arbitrary value officially accepted as the moisture regain to be used in calculating the oven-dry mass and linear density or the commercial or legal mass of a shipment or lot (shipment) of any particular textile material.
• Trade discount: The arbitrary value officially accepted for use with oven-dried mass in calculating the linear density or commercial or legal mass of any shipment or delivery of textile material, equivalent to commercial moisture regain plus an approved discount for finishing.
• Moisture equilibrium for testing: A textile material is in moisture equilibrium with the ambient atmosphere when it does not exchange water with that atmosphere. Its mass remains constant as long as the test is conducted in an unchanging atmosphere. Moisture equilibrium for testing purposes is achieved by absorption, starting from a relatively low moisture content. Moisture equilibrium for testing is considered achieved when the rate of mass increase of a sample or specimen due to moisture uptake does not exceed the rate predicted for the material being tested.
• Moisture-free mass:
  • It is the constant mass of the sample obtained by drying the material in dry air at a temperature of 105 degrees plus/minus 3 degrees.
  • The amount of dry matter calculated by independent determination of the moisture content, for example by distillation with an immiscible solvent or titration with Karl Fischer's reagent.
• Oven-dry mass: The constant mass of a sample obtained by oven-drying under temperature and humidity conditions. The most commonly used conditions are 105°C plus/minus 3°C and an air supply of 65 percent relative humidity at 20°C. Under these conditions, samples will not be moisture-free.
• Yarn package: Lengths of yarn in a form suitable for use, handling, storage, or shipping. Packages may be unsupported, such as balls, skeins, or cakes, or supported, such as bobbins, cops, cones, spools, reels, tubes, or beams.
• Test skein, counting skein: A small skein of yarn of specified length used in this standard for determining linear density or breaking load or both.

In principle, linear density is calculated from the length and mass of suitable samples. Samples of suitable length are prepared by winding test skeins for yarn counting under specified conditions from adequately conditioned samples after suitable preconditioning in skein form. In practice, the mass of the skeins is determined under various conditions as specified in this standard. If mutual agreement is reached, any of the following options given in this standard may be used.

• For unwashed yarn:
  • Option 1: Mass of conditioned yarn in equilibrium with standard atmosphere for testing
  • Option 2: Oven-dried yarn mass
  • Option 3: Mass of oven-dried yarn plus commercial moisture recovery
• For washed yarn:
  • Option 4: Mass of washed yarn in equilibrium with standard atmosphere for testing
  • Option 5: Oven-dried yarn mass
  • Option 6: Mass of oven-dried yarn plus commercial moisture recovery
  • Option 7: Mass of oven-dried yarn plus commercial moisture recovery

Preconditioning, conditioning, and test atmospheres must be as specified in ISO 139. Air at 20°C and 65% relative humidity has a water vapor pressure of 1515 Pa, and when heated to 47°C plus or minus 3°C, an atmosphere containing 12,3% to 16,7% relative humidity is produced. Air at a maximum temperature of 22°C and 67% relative humidity has a water vapor pressure of 1770 Pa, and when heated to 44°C to 50°C, a humidity range of 14,3% to 19,4% is produced. Any deviation from the standard preconditioning atmosphere must be agreed upon by the parties involved, and the temperature and humidity used must be stated in the test report.

Sampling should be done by one of the following methods:

• In accordance with the instructions given in the material specification
• If the material specification does not include sampling instructions, follow procedures approved by ISO for textile products.
• In accordance with the method given in the annex of the standard (Annex B).

The bulk sample should be taken to be representative of the batch (shipment) to be tested.

One laboratory sample skein should be wound from each laboratory sample package. The skeins should be long enough to provide yarn for all required tests. When winding the skeins, the yarn should be wound from the end of the package if this is the normal method of use; otherwise, the yarn should be wound from the side of the package. A few meters of yarn at the beginning and end of the package should be discarded to prevent damage.

Preconditioning and conditioning of laboratory sample skeins must be carried out in accordance with this standard. The laboratory must precondition the sample skeins by exposing them to freely moving air for at least 4 hours in the atmosphere specified for preconditioning. Samples should not be oven-dried during preconditioning.

After the laboratory has preconditioned the sample skeins, they should be brought to moisture equilibrium for testing by exposing them to a standard atmosphere suitable for testing until there is no progressive change in mass of more than 0,1 percent for 24 hours or in successive exposures of at least 30 minutes.

Our organization, which has been supporting businesses across all sectors for years through a wide range of testing, measurement, analysis, and evaluation activities, boasts a strong team of employees who closely follow global developments in science and technology and are constantly improving themselves. In this context, we also provide testing services in accordance with the EN ISO 2060 Textile - Yarn from Packages - Determination of linear density (mass per unit length) by the Hank Method.