ASTM C110-11 Standard Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime, Slaked Lime, and Limestone

The test methods described in the “ASTM C110-11 Standard test methods for physical testing of quicklime, slaked lime and limestone” developed by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) cover physical testing of quicklime, slaked lime and limestone not otherwise covered in ASTM standards. .

Quicklime and slaked lime have a high affinity for moisture and carbon dioxide. Care should be taken to preserve both hydrated and quicklime during sampling, storage and testing.

Testing procedures appear in this order:

• Air intake
• Apparent loose density of powdered slaked lime
• quicklime and limestone
• Apparent packed density of powdered slaked lime
• quicklime and limestone
• Expanding slaked lime in an autoclave
• Dry shine of pulverized limestone
• Dry sieving with air jet sieve
• Fineness of air-powdered quicklime and slaked lime
• Permeability
• Limestone grindability
• Particle size of powdered limestone
• Plasticity of lime putty
• Explosion and pitting of slaked lime
• Residue and sieve analysis
• Sedimentation rate of slaked lime
• Hydration rate of quicklime
• Specific gravity of slaked lime products
• Standard consistency of lime putty
• Water retention of slaked lime
• Wet sieve analysis of agricultural liming materials

These test methods include physical testing of quicklime, slaked lime and limestone. Namely,

• Plastic property tests include test methods for standard consistency and plasticity of lime putty, water retention and air entrainment of slaked lime.
• Soundness testing includes testing methods for autoclave expansion and bursting and pitting of slaked lime.
• Application tests include test methods for the slaking rate of quicklime, the dry luster of pulverized limestone, the determination of limestone grindability by the laboratory ball mill method, and the settling rate of slaked lime.
• Particle size analysis includes test methods for residue and sieve analysis, fineness of powdered quicklime and slaked lime relative to air permeability, particle size of powdered limestone, and dry sieving of slaked lime, powdered quicklime and limestone by air jet sieving.
• Density measurement includes the following test methods:
  • Apparent loose density and apparent packed density of hydrated lime, powdered quicklime and limestone
  • Specific gravity of slaked lime products
  • Wet sieve analysis of agricultural liming materials

The main difference between quicklime and slaked lime is that quicklime or burnt lime contains calcium oxide whereas slaked lime contains calcium hydroxide. The main source of both quicklime and slaked lime is limestone. Therefore, like limestone, these compounds are also alkaline. Quicklime is called burnt lime because it is obtained by thermal decomposition of limestone. It is called slaked lime because it is produced by slaking quicklime with water.

Quicklime is calcium oxide. Limestone contains calcium carbonate. This material is burned above 825 degrees. Meanwhile, carbon dioxide, which forms quicklime, is released. Slaked lime is calcium hydroxide. The reason it is called slaked lime is that calcium oxide is quenched with water to produce calcium hydroxide.

Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed primarily of calcium carbonate or double carbonate of calcium and magnesium. It usually consists of small fossils, shell fragments and other fossilized remains.

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