In chemistry, the iodine value or iodine adsorption value or iodine number of a substance is the mass of iodine in grams consumed by 100 grams of chemical. The iodine number is often used to determine the amount of unsaturation in fats, oils and waxes. In fatty acids, unsaturation occurs mainly in the form of double bonds, which are very reactive towards halogens, i.e. iodine. The higher the iodine value, the more unsaturated the oil has. For example, coconut oil is a very saturated fat and is therefore suitable for soap making. Linseed oil, on the other hand, is a highly unsaturated oil and is therefore a suitable drying oil for making oil paints.
Modern analytical methods, such as gas chromatography, provide very detailed information, including the degree of unsaturation. Nevertheless, iodine content is still widely considered an important quality parameter for liquid and solid fats. This value also indicates the oxidative stability of fats, which is directly dependent on the amount of unsaturation. This parameter has a direct impact on the processing, shelf life, and suitability of oil-based products. It is also very important in the mineral oils and fuel industry. The EN 14214 standard includes a required limit value for iodine among the biodiesel specifications.
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