Bulk density is defined as the dry mass per unit volume (in the moist state), and there are numerous methods and other physical parameters for measuring bulk density in practice. For example, the BS 12580 standard developed by the British Standards Institute (BSI) is used as an industrial standard in many countries around the world (BS EN 12580 Soil conditioners and growing medium - Determination of an amount). This European standard defines test methods for determining the amount of soil conditioner and growing medium in bulk and in packages. This standard is a reference method, designed with an appropriate level of precision, used to justify any quantity statement made. The test methods described here are applicable to materials in the solid state, reconstituted if necessary, but not applied to blocks thus presented to their size.
-testleri.jpg "Bulk Density (kg/m3) Tests")
Bulk density is the weight of a given volume of soil. In agricultural activities, if the bulk density of the soil is higher than 1,6 g/cm3, it tends to restrict root growth. Bulk density increases with compression and tends to increase with depth. Sandy soils are more prone to high bulk density. Bulk density is used to calculate soil properties per unit area. Bulk density is the weight of dry soil divided by the total soil volume. Total soil volume is the combined volume of solids and pores containing air or water or both. Average values of air, water and solid in soil are easily measured and are a useful indicator of soil physical condition. Both bulk density and porosity are good indicators of suitability for root growth and soil permeability. Bulk density below 1.5 g/cm3 is generally preferred for optimum movement of air and water in the soil.
The most common method for measuring soil bulk density is to insert a metal ring pressed into the soil, take a certain volume of soil, and weigh it after it dries. This method works best for moist soils that do not contain gravel. The critical value of bulk density for restricting root growth varies depending on the soil type, but generally, bulk densities greater than 1,6 g/cm³ tend to restrict root growth.
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