EN 1071 Advanced Technical Ceramics - Test Methods for Ceramic Coatings

The European standard “EN 1071 Advanced technical ceramics - Test methods for ceramic coatings” consists of several parts published under the same title:

EN 1071-1 Part 1: Determination of coating thickness by contact probe profilometer. This standard describes a method for determining the thickness of ceramic coatings by measuring the step height using a contact probe profilometer. An alternative thickness measurement using the crater grinding method is described in ENV 1071 2.
EN 1071-2 Part 2: Determination of coating thickness by crater grinding. This standard describes a method for determining the thickness of ceramic coatings by a crater grinding method involving grinding of a spherical cavity followed by microscopic examination of the crater. An alternative thickness measurement using a contact probe profilometer is described in EN 1071-1.
EN 1071-3 Part 3: Determination of adhesion and other mechanical failure modes by scratch testing. This standard describes a method for testing ceramic coatings by scratching with a loaded diamond stylus to promote adhesive or cohesive failure of a coating-substrate system. The test is suitable for evaluating ceramic coatings up to 20 µm thick and for evaluating other coating types and thicknesses. The test is designed for use with samples with limited surface roughness. This standard is designed for use in the macro (1 N - 100 N) load range. The procedures are also applicable to other load ranges. However, if the normal loads at which failure events occur are to be quantified, appropriate calibration is essential.
EN 1071-4 Part 4: Determination of chemical composition by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). This standard describes methods for the chemical analysis of ceramic coatings by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or an electron probe microanalyzer. The methods described are limited to the examination of single-layer coatings when the analysis is carried out perpendicular to the sample surface, but graded and multi-layer coatings can also be analyzed in section if the thickness of the individual layers or gradations is greater than the maximum width of the volume of the material from which characteristic or fluorescent X-rays are produced. This method can also be used for the analysis of bulk materials.
ENV 1071-5 Part 5: Determination of porosity. This standard has been withdrawn.
EN 1071-6 Part 6: Determination of wear resistance of coatings by micro-abrasion testing. This standard describes a method for measuring the abrasive wear rate of ceramic coatings by means of a micro-scale abrasion test based on the well-known crater grinding technique used to determine film thickness. This method can provide data on both film and substrate wear rates by performing two separate tests or by careful analysis of data from a single test series. The test method can be applied to samples with planar or non-planar surfaces, but the analysis described is only valid for flat samples. For non-planar samples, a more complex analysis is required, possibly requiring the use of numerical methods.
CEN/TS 1071-7 Part 7: Determination of hardness and Young's modulus by instrumented indentation testing. This standard has been withdrawn.
CEN/TS 1071-8 Part 8: Rockwell indentation test for the evaluation of adhesion. This standard describes a method for the evaluation of the adhesion of ceramic coatings by indentation with a Rockwell diamond indenter. The formation of cracks after indentation may also indicate cohesive failure. Indentations are made with a Rockwell hardness tester. The method described in this standard may also be suitable for the evaluation of the adhesion of metallic coatings.
EN 1071-9 Part 9: Determination of fracture stress. This standard describes a method for measuring the fracture stress of ceramic coatings by means of uniaxial tension or compression tests combined with acoustic emission to monitor the initiation of cracking of the coating. Tensile or compressive stresses can also be applied by bending using four-point bending. Measurements can be made at elevated temperatures and at room temperature where appropriate.
EN 1071-10 Part 10: Determination of coating thickness by cross-section. This standard describes a method for measuring the thickness of ceramic coatings by examining a metallographically prepared cross-section of the coating under a calibrated optical or scanning electron microscope. It draws on EN ISO 9220, with modifications and updates as necessary to suit ceramic coatings and current best practice.
CEN/TS 1071-11 Part 11: Determination of internal stress by the Stoney formula. This standard describes a method for determining internal stress in thin ceramic coatings by applying the Stoney formula to the results obtained from measuring the radius of curvature of coated strips or discs.
EN 1071-12 Part 12: Reciprocal wear test. This standard describes a method for assessing the wear of ceramic coatings using a reciprocal wear test in which a pin with a flat or spherical tip is moved back and forth against a flat plate under load. Depending on the conditions simulated, either the pin or the plate or both may be coated with the material under test and the other member of the pair is selected as relevant to the system being assessed. The method described is not considered suitable for assessing abrasive wear. This method is designed to assess coatings thicker than 1 μm, but can also be used to test thinner coatings. The test can be carried out under dry or lubricated conditions. However, the test is not designed to assess the properties of lubricants to the extent that they affect the wear behaviour of the materials being tested. Relevant methods for testing lubricants using reciprocal motion are given. Testing a pair of materials under various loading conditions can provide information on the wear behaviour of the coating as well as on the adhesion or cohesion strength.
EN 1071-13 Part 13: Determination of wear rate by the pin-on-disc method. This standard describes a method for assessing the wear of ceramic coatings using a test in which a pin with a flat or spherical tip is brought into contact with the flat surface of a disc under load and the two are brought into relative motion such that the pin traces a circular path on the disc. Depending on the conditions simulated, either the pin or the disc or both may be coated with the material under test and the other member of the pair may be selected as relevant to the system being assessed. Where suitable equipment is available, the test may be used to determine the friction developed in sliding contact. This method is suitable for assessing coatings in the range of thickness from 1 to more than 100 μm and can also be applied to test thinner coatings with appropriate selection of conditions.

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