The “ISO 14680 Paints and varnishes – Determination of pigment content” standard, published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) , consists of the following sub-sections published under the same title:
Difficulties may be encountered when this method is applied to coating materials containing dyes, carbon black, finely divided silicon dioxide, or finely divided titanium dioxide. This method may not be suitable for emulsion paints. The pigment content of coating materials can also be determined by an ashing method (ISO 14680-2 standard) or a filtration method (ISO 14680-3 standard).
For the purposes of this standard, pigment content, determined by the centrifugation method, refers to the proportion by mass of solid particles in the tested product that are insoluble in the solvent used for separation under the specified conditions. This includes pigments, extenders, and other solid components of the product.
In principle, after diluting a test portion of the product with solvent, the solid particles are separated by centrifugation, dried, and weighed. The pigment content is then calculated from the mass of the solid component and the mass of the test portion.
A representative sample of the product to be tested is taken as described in ISO 15528. Each sample is examined and prepared for testing as described in ISO 1513.
Such components, which can constitute approximately 10 percent of the pigment, are lost during ashing. Because the state of many pigments and extenders changes under the specified test conditions, whether the true pigment content of the tested product can be inferred from the apparent pigment content found by this method depends on the composition and the ashing temperature selected.
This method is generally not suitable for UV paints and varnishes or those containing reactive diluents that require special heating conditions. The pigment content of coating materials can also be determined by the centrifugation method (ISO 14680-1 standard) or the filtration method (ISO 14680-3 standard).
For the purposes of this standard, pigment content, determined by ashing, refers to the mass fraction of the tested product remaining as a residue after ashing under specified conditions. It includes inorganic pigments, extenders, and other solid components of the product that are not volatile under test conditions, but whose condition may have changed.
In principle, after evaporation of the solvent in a test section of the product under test, the residue ashed at approximately 600 to 900 degrees Celsius, or 450 degrees Celsius in the presence of carbonates. The presence of carbonates should be determined by another qualitative analytical technique. The pigment content is calculated from the mass of the ashing residue and the test section. Some binders do not ashed completely at 450 degrees Celsius. Therefore, results obtained at this temperature may have low reproducibility.
A representative sample of the product to be tested is taken as described in ISO 15528. Each sample is examined and prepared for testing as described in ISO 1513.
The test is performed twice. A porcelain crucible is heated to a constant mass in a muffle furnace or flash ashing furnace at a temperature consistent with this standard. After cooling in a desiccator, approximately 2 g of the sample is weighed to the nearest 0,001 g. The porcelain crucible is placed in the furnace at 80°C plus/minus 2°C and heated until all solvent evaporates. It is then removed from the furnace and placed in the muffle furnace or flash ashing furnace, which is heated to the ashing temperature. In most cases, ashing is completed after 2 hours. The porcelain crucible is placed in the desiccator for at least 30 minutes and cooled. It is weighed to the nearest 0,001 g and then returned to the muffle furnace or flash ashing furnace for 15 minutes. It is cooled to room temperature in a desiccator and weighed again. This process is repeated until the mass is constant.
This method is particularly applicable to coating materials containing carbon black, finely divided silicon dioxide, finely divided titanium dioxide, organic pigments, or polymer dispersions. It is not applicable to many water-dilutable paints, as the entire binder will coagulate when potassium hydroxide solution is added. The pigment content of coating materials can also be determined by a centrifuge method (ISO 14680-1 standard) or ashing method (ISO 14680-2 standard).
For the purposes of this standard, pigment content, determined by filtration, refers to the proportion by mass of solid particles remaining as residue on filtration under the specified conditions in the tested product. This includes pigments, extenders, and other solid components of the product.
In principle, after dilution with the solvent and addition of a solution of potassium hydroxide in methanol, a test portion of the product under test is filtered using a glass filter crucible containing a filtering aid bed. The solids removed by filtration are dried and weighed. In the case of completely dissolved binders, the pigment content is calculated from the mass of the solids and the mass of the test portion.
A representative sample of the product to be tested is taken as described in ISO 15528. Each sample is examined and prepared for testing as described in ISO 1513.
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