In the "ASTM D6595-17 Standard test method for the determination of wear metals and contaminants in used lubricating oils or used hydraulic fluids by rotating disk electrode atomic emission spectrometry" standard developed by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), wear in used lubricating oils and used hydraulic fluids is examined. A test method for detecting metals and contaminants using rotating disk electrode atomic emission spectroscopy is described.
This testing method provides rapid indication of the presence of abnormal wear and contamination in new or used lubricants and hydraulic fluids. This test method uses oil-soluble metals for calibration and does not claim to quantitatively relate values determined as insoluble particles to dissolved metals. Analytical results depend on particle size and low results may be obtained for elements present in large particles in used oil samples.
This testing method is capable of detecting and measuring elements resulting from wear and contamination, from dissolved materials to particles approximately 10 μm in size.
Identifying residues in used oil is an important diagnostic method applied in machine condition monitoring programs. If baseline concentration data are available for comparison, the presence or increase in concentration of certain corrosion metals may be indicative of early stages of corrosion. A significant increase in contaminant elements may be indicative of impurities such as antifreeze or sand that may cause corrosion or degradation of the lubricants.
The test method described identifies metals and their concentration so that trends over time or distance can be determined and corrective action can be taken before more serious or catastrophic failures.
The basis of modern oil analysis is the use of optical emission spectroscopy to measure ppm (parts per million) levels of corrosive metals, contaminants and additives in oil samples. Whatever else an oil laboratory may measure, a multi-element analysis forms the basis of in-service oil analysis.
Today, spectrometric oil analysis is widely applied to any closed-loop lubrication system, such as those found in gas turbines, diesel and gasoline engines, transmissions, gearboxes, compressors and hydraulic systems. In practice, oil samples are taken periodically from a system. The spectrometer analyzes the sample for levels of impurities and additives, as well as trace levels of metals worn from moving parts. The resulting data, when compared with previous analyzes and permissible limits, may indicate a robust mechanism showing only normal wear, or it may indicate a potentially serious problem in its early stages. With this advanced alert, steps can be taken to correct the situation before serious damage or injury occurs.
In spectrometric oil analysis, fine particles are produced by the relative motion of metallic parts in an oil-wetted system. Lubricating oil can be considered a diagnostic medium because the oil carries with it particles from wear contact. Corrosion, abrasion, severe wear, flaking, and similar abnormal wear modes result in increased concentration of wear metals in the oil. Contaminants are detected and lubricant mixtures or badly degraded lubricants are identified by the concentration of additive elements. Multicomponent analysis often allows the identification of a specific component at risk.
Our organization, with its trained and expert staff and advanced technological equipment, among the numerous testing, measurement, analysis and evaluation studies it provides for businesses in various sectors, "ASTM D6595-17 Detection of wear metals and contaminants in used lubricating oils or used hydraulic fluids by rotating disc electrode atomic analysis". It also provides testing services defined in the "standard test method for determination by emission spectrometry" standard.
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