The standard “ISO 310 Manganese ores and concentrates - Determination of hygroscopic moisture content in analytical samples - Gravimetric method” developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) describes a method for drying an air-dried test piece in a laboratory oven at 105 degrees to 110 degrees to constant mass and measuring the mass loss.
It is recommended that this standard be considered together with the standard “ISO 4297 Manganese ores and concentrates - Chemical analysis methods - General instructions”. This standard contains general instructions for chemical analysis methods of manganese ores and concentrates.
The ISO 310 standard provides a gravimetric method for the determination of the hygroscopic moisture content of manganese ores and concentrates. This method is applicable to products having a hygroscopic moisture content between 0,1 percent and 10 percent.
The determination of hygroscopic moisture content is intended to be carried out simultaneously with the determination of other components of the same analytical sample. In this way, the contents of the other components can be calculated on an absolutely dry ore basis.
In addition to ordinary laboratory apparatus, the following equipment is also used in these tests:
For the analysis, a laboratory sample with a particle size of minus 4296 µm taken in accordance with the standard “ISO 1-1 Manganese ores - Sampling - Part 4296: Incremental sampling” and prepared in accordance with the standard “ISO 2-2 Manganese ores - Sampling - Part 100: Preparation of samples” is used. The sample should be air-dried under laboratory conditions.
The mass of the test sample selected from the table given in the standard is weighed to the nearest 0,001 g according to its hygroscopic moisture content.
The test piece is placed in a weighing bottle previously dried in a laboratory oven at 105 degrees to 110 degrees, and the bottle is weighed with a stopper. The open weighing bottle containing the test piece (with a stopper) is placed in the laboratory oven and dried for 2 hours at 105 degrees to 110 degrees. It is corked, cooled in a desiccator for 20 minutes to 30 minutes, and then weighed. Before weighing, the stopper is gently removed and immediately reinserted. The drying, cooling, and weighing processes are repeated until a constant mass is obtained. The drying process is repeated for several 30-minute periods. If the mass of the test piece increases after repeated drying, the mass before the increase is considered the final mass.
Hygroscopic moisture content is expressed as a percentage by mass and is calculated using the equation given in the standard. Precision data from analytical results are included in the standard appendix for information purposes (Annex A).
The test report should include the following information:
In ores, hygroscopic moisture content represents the water adsorbed by negatively charged clay flakes when the oven-dried ore is exposed to an atmosphere with varying moisture levels. Hygroscopic moisture content has been related to many clay mineralogical parameters in predictive geotechnical engineering.
The hygroscopic moisture content of the mineral is generally determined by the air drying method and has been related to the surface area and cation exchange capacity of the soil by many researchers.
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