
The Izod impact test is a standard test method that measures the impact energy required to break a material. This test method helps engineers and scientists evaluate the fracture properties of a particular part or component. Information from the Izod impact test is used to determine how various materials will perform when subjected to impact loads.

In general, to perform the Izod impact strength test, a V-shaped notch is first machined into the test specimen. An impact load is then applied using a hammer associated with a raised pendulum. When released, the hammer strikes the test specimen, which is fixed to the base of the testing machine. Due to the impact force exerted by the hammer, the specimen breaks at the V notch. The impact energy is then calculated from the potential energy transferred from the charge to the sample.
Impact resistance refers to a material's ability to withstand sudden or intense force or shock. Impact is one of the main hazard categories and is a common hazard in many types of work. For example, during a fall, an employee's body harness and lifeline are exposed to high impact. Personal protection equipment cannot ensure worker safety unless each of these components withstands the strength of this impact. While the inherent qualities of the material play a large role in determining the impact resistance level of a personal protective equipment, environmental factors such as temperature also affect the amount of energy the material can absorb.
Tests performed in advanced laboratories are generally based on the following standard developed by the International Standards Organization (ISO): EN ISO 180 Plastics - Determination of Izod impact strength. This standard defines a test method for determining the Izod impact strength of plastics under defined conditions. This standard contains a number of different sample and test configurations. Different test parameters are described according to the type of material and test specimen and the notch shape.
The test method described describes the preferred dimensions for the test specimen. Tests on samples of different sizes or with different notches, or on samples prepared under different conditions, give non-comparable results.
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