The density of a material is a quantitative expression of the amount of mass contained per unit volume. The standard unit is kilograms per cubic meter. Density is sometimes also expressed in grams per cubic centimeter. Density is a measure of how compact the mass in a substance or object is.
When two materials are mixed together, it is the density of the material that determines which will rise and which will sink in water. Density of a substance is the relationship between the mass of the substance and the space it occupies, i.e. its volume.
Density is extremely important when it comes to the buoyancy of objects. In general, if something is denser than water it will sink, but if its density is lower than water it will float. More technically, an object begins to float when the weight of the water it displaces (the object's surface area in contact with the water and how much it pushes the water down) matches the weight of the object. If the object is denser than water, the weight of the water it displaces can never equal the weight of the object, so it will continue to sink. For example, aluminum is denser than water, but a stretched piece of aluminum foil floats on water due to the large surface area in contact with water. However, if the same amount of foil is rolled into a ball, the surface area in contact with water is much smaller and the foil will sink.
Density and mass are very closely related, and the mass of a given amount of matter can be easily calculated if the density and volume of a substance are known.
Density is an important concept because it determines which substances will float and which will sink when placed in a liquid. Generally, substances float as long as their density is less than the density of the liquid they are in. Beyond this, the density of materials is also utilized in areas such as oil spills, plumbing systems, and aircraft weight distribution.
The density of an object is one of its most important and easily measured physical properties. Densities are widely used to describe pure substances and determine the composition of many types of mixtures. The more mass an object contains in space, the denser it is. Different substances have different densities, and density measurements serve to identify substances.
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