The ASTM D732-17 standard, developed by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), defines a test method for determining the shear strength of sheets and molded plastics with thicknesses between 1,27 and 12,7 mm.
In advanced laboratories, the punch tool technique is used to determine the shear strength of plastics . To determine shear strength with a punch tool, the load a plastic or film will yield under when cut between two metal edges is determined. Shear strength is calculated using different test setups, including overlap shear, V-notch rail technique, and short beam technique, in addition to various test types including bending, tensile, and compressive. The ASTM D732 standard, first published in 1943, defines a punch-type shear test. This test method is intended for use as a material screening and material comparison test of plastics available in the form of sheets or molded discs. The shear force is calculated by dividing the applied maximum force by the shear area.
This test method is intended as a comparative test, not as a quantitative measure of the material's shear strength. As a material screening test, it has the advantages of requiring a simple sample and using a simple test procedure. However, a uniform shear stress condition is not obtained. Serious stress concentrations occur at the edges of the punch. If shear strength design values are desired, for example, the V-notched rail technique is recommended.
Apart from this standard, other non-standard, comparative type punch cut test methods have also been developed.
For the purposes of ASTM D732-17, the expression shear strength refers to the maximum load required to shear the sample such that the moving part completely clears the fixed part. Expressed in megapascals, depending on the area of the sheared edge or edges. Before using this test method, it is necessary to know the material specification well.
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