The standard “ASTM D494-11 Standard test method for acetone extraction of phenolic molded or laminated products” published by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) describes a test method for determining the amount of acetone soluble matter in molded or laminated phenolic products.
For molded phenolic products, acetone extraction should only be considered as a quantitative expression of a property normally associated with the degree of cure. There is no demonstrable definitive relationship between the optimum mechanical and electrical properties of a well-cured part and the numerical value of the acetone test. The amount of material dissolved in acetone is affected by:
These changes under some conditions result in a 3 percent to 4 percent difference in acetone removable matter. Therefore, this test method is used only as a comparative test to measure inadequate curing.
Acetone extraction for laminated phenolic products indicates change in curing stage, change in resin content, change in type of resin used, presence of plasticizers or other acetone extractable additives and is generally affected by the factors specified in this standard.
The equipment used in these tests includes:
It is extremely important that extreme care be taken in preparing the sample for removal. If possible, the sample should be obtained by drilling, but if not, other suitable means of producing particles equivalent to drilling should be used. Drillings taken from a large moulded product should be truly representative of all sections of the part in correct proportions. Drills used for obtaining samples should be kept sharp and operated in such a way as not to cause overheating of the material, which would harden it. If it is not possible to obtain a sample by drilling, the pieces may be ground up by lathe, planer, milling machine or a suitable grinder. Provided that no appreciable heating is produced during grinding, a mortar and pestle or a gravel mill is acceptable as a grinder. If the size or shape of the part is such that no other method is suitable, a sharp rasp or file may be used to obtain the sample.
In all cases, the particles of the sample should be of the smallest possible size so that they will pass through the 425-µm sieve with a minimum of reprocessing or grinding. In sample preparation, it is important to obtain the smallest possible volume per unit weight of material.
The sample shall be sieved through a 425-µm sieve and the remaining portion shall be reground and mixed with the original material that passed through the sieve. After the 425-µm and 106-µm sieves and the receiving pan are assembled, the sample shall be placed on the top sieve, the lid shall be attached and the entire sample shall be recovered by a mechanical sieve shaker or by hand sieving. If hand sieving is used, the sieve shall be rotated by gently tapping, and the rotation time shall be 5 minutes.
After sieving, the sample that passes the 425-µm sieve and is retained on the 106-µm sieve should be immediately placed in an airtight container to prevent moisture from being absorbed by the powder, which could falsify the results.
For tests where conditioning is required, condition test specimens at 618 degrees plus/minus 40 degrees and 23 percent plus/minus 2 percent relative humidity for at least 50 hours prior to testing in accordance with Procedure A of ASTM D10. In case of disagreement, tolerances shall be 1 degree temperature and plus/minus 5 percent relative humidity.
Unless otherwise specified in the test methods or this test method, tests are conducted in a standard laboratory atmosphere of 23 degrees plus/minus 2 degrees Celsius and 50 percent plus/minus 5 percent relative humidity. In case of disagreement, tolerances shall be 1 degree Celsius and plus/minus 2 percent relative humidity.
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