ISO 10191 Passenger Vehicle Tyres - Verification of Tyre Capabilities - Laboratory Test Methods

The standard “ISO 10191 Passenger car tires - Verification of tire capabilities - Laboratory test methods” developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) describes test methods for verifying the capabilities of passenger car tires. Of the test methods presented, only some may be required, depending on the construction of the tire to be tested (diagonal, bias-belted, radial or T-type construction). Tests are performed in a laboratory under controlled conditions.

This standard includes durability tests, low pressure performance testing, high speed tests and bead removal and tire strength requirements. The test methods presented in this standard are not intended for grading tire performance or quality levels. This standard is applicable to all passenger car tires.

For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply, in addition to the terms and definitions given in “ISO 4223-1 Definitions of some terms used in the tyre industry - Part 1: Pneumatic tyres”:

• Bead separation refers to the disruption of the bond between components in the bead domain.
• Belt separation refers to the separation of the rubber compound between belt layers or between belts and layers.
• Spalling refers to the breaking away of pieces of rubber from the tread which can expose the reinforcement material. Examples of reinforcement material that can be exposed include polyamide casing or steel belts.
• Parasitic tread block spalling refers to the breaking or tearing of rubber fragments within the tread block without exposing the reinforcement material. Parasitic tread block spalling is a product of testing a loaded tire on a road wheel, does not indicate a structural problem with the tire, and does not occur in real-world operation. It typically occurs in durability testing of tires with soft tread compounds or complex tread geometry, such as many grooves. Examples of reinforcement material that will not be exposed include polyamide casing or steel belts.
• Cord separation is the separation of cords from their rubber coverings.
• Cracking is any separation of the tread, sidewall or inner liner of a tire that can extend all the way down to the cord material.
• Inner lining separation is the separation of the inner lining from the cord material within the carcass.
• Open seam refers to any separation at any junction of the tread, sidewall or inner liner that may extend into the cord material.
• Floor separation is the separation of adjacent floors.
• Sidewall separation is the separation of the rubber compound from the cord material on the sidewall.
• Tooth separation is the removal of a tooth from the carcass.
• A test rim is the rim on which a tire is mounted for specific tests and, unless otherwise stated, is the rim approved, recommended or permitted in one of the regional tire standards for a tire of that size designation and type.
• The test drum speed is the circumferential speed of the steel test drum.
• The maximum load rating is the reference mass corresponding to the load index used to define the load capacity of the tire.
• Load capacity is the maximum load that a tire can carry depending on its operating speed and speed category.

The test drum used in these tests is a cylindrical drive drum with a diameter of 1,7 m plus/minus 1 percent or 2,0 m plus/minus 1 percent. The surface of the drum shall be smooth steel. For the durability test and the low-pressure performance test, the drum may be coated with a thin layer of non-stick material, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), to eliminate parasitic tread block fragmentation, but the overall diameter of the drum shall remain within the above limits. The width of the test surface and the width of the thin layer of non-stick material, if any, shall be equal to or greater than the overall width of the test tire.

When using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) lubricant as a nonstick material, care should be taken to ensure that the composition of the lubricant is suitable for use with rubber compounds. For example, silicone oil-based lubricants with PTFE content between 40 percent and 55 percent have shown satisfactory performance for this purpose.

For the test drum, the loading device shall have a capacity of at least 1 000 kg and the accuracy shall be within plus/minus 1 percent of full scale. The speed capacity of the equipment shall be sufficient for the requirements of the test methods.

The tests also use inflation pressure gauges with a maximum scale value of at least 500 kPa and an accuracy of plus/minus 5 kPa.

If a tyre manufacturer wishes to increase the testing severity, tyre conditioning and testing may be performed at a higher temperature than specified in this relevant standard.

This standard describes the following test methods for tyres with bias or cross-ribbed construction and temporary-use spare tyres of type T:

• Endurance test
• High speed test
• Power test
• Drip test (tubeless tyres)

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